(Dr. Iulia Mihai, DVM) Changing your pet's diet is an important decision. Whether it's a veterinary recommendation, personal preference, or simply your desire to provide your dog or cat with a healthier diet, there are a few things to consider.

Transitioning to a new food should be done with care, as sudden changes can cause digestive issues and unnecessary stress for your pet.

In this article, we'll explore the importance of a gradual transition, the steps involved in this process, and tips to ensure a successful transition.

Why Is A Gradual Transition Important?

Pets can be sensitive to dietary changes. As a result, switching to a different type of food suddenly can lead to clinical signs such as:

• Vomiting

• Bloating

• Diarrhea

• Flatulence

• Loss of appetite

A gradual transition allows the gut microbiome to adapt to the new ingredients, thus reducing the risk of digestive problems. In addition, a gradual transition will give your dog or cat time to get used to the taste and texture of the new diet, thus minimizing its refusal.

How to Change Your Pet’s Food

To effectively change your pet's food, there are several steps to consider, such as:

1. Consult your veterinarian - It is a good idea to consult a veterinarian for the best advice on the specific nutritional needs of your dog or cat whenever you are thinking about changing their food. Your pet's nutritional needs will depend on several factors such as:

• Age - Young pets have different nutritional needs compared to adult or older ones.

• Weight - If your dog or cat has weight problems, your veterinarian may recommend diets with fewer calories.

• Breed - Some breeds have unique nutritional needs and there are diets specifically designed for those breeds (e.g., Maine Coon, Boxer, British Shorthair, German Shepherd, etc.).

• Health status - Certain conditions require special veterinary diets. Therefore, it is always advisable to consult your veterinarian if you want to change your pet's food, especially if they have known health problems.

• Activity level – Active pets will need diets that give them more energy compared to sedentary pets that will need lower calorie diets.

2. Transition planning – For your pet to have a successful transition, make sure to have a thought out plan - and stick to it. For dogs, food can be changed gradually over 7-10 days (or even more depending on the situation). Therefore, an example plan you might follow could be like the one below:

• On days 1-2, mix 75% of the old food with 25% of the new food.

• On days 3-4, mix 50% of the old food with 50% of the new food.

• On days 5-6, mix 25% of the old food with 75% of the new food.

• On day 7 and after, offer 100% of the new food.

Consult with your veterinarian about how they would recommend changing over your dog’s food. Every dog is unique in how they react to dietary changes.  

For cats, the same concept of introducing new food gradually over time would apply. However, it is essential to understand that the transition can take up to 40 days. This is because cats are pickier and do not easily accept dietary changes. For example, if your cat has been used to wet food only, it may be difficult to transition them to a completely dry diet and vice versa. If your cat completely refuses the new food, switch back to the old diet and consult your veterinarian. 

Remember that cats should not be left without food for more than 48 hours because they can develop a liver condition called fatty liver or hepatic steatosis. Unfortunately, this condition can be fatal if not treated promptly.

3. Monitor your pet’s reactions – Watch for any signs of digestive discomfort or adverse reactions. If digestive problems occur (vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, etc.), consult your veterinarian immediately and stop feeding your pet that particular diet.

4. Be patient – ​​Some pets may be reluctant to accept new food. As a result, if your pet has a hard time transitioning to the new diet, here are some tips that can help you speed up the process:

• Warm your pet's food slightly before offering it if you are giving them wet or semi-moist food – the heat will enhance the flavors. Cats do not like food that is too hot or too cold and tend to eat better when the food is close to their body temperature.

• Add a little wet food on top of the dry food.

• Mix the food with warm water, tuna juice, clam juice, or a special chicken or beef broth without salt, onion, and garlic (this would most likely need to be prepared homemade).

When Is A Diet Change Necessary?

Changing the diet may be necessary in certain situations. For example:

Age – As your cat or dog ages, their nutritional needs change. As a result, young animals need diets high in protein and calories because they are growing rapidly, while older animals need diets high in fiber and low in fat.

Weight – Malnourished or obese animals need dietary adjustments to ensure they are getting the nutrients they need for their condition. Obesity is a common problem in pets and can lead to serious complications such as diabetes, joint problems, or cardiovascular disease. In such cases, a diet low in calories and fat, but high in fiber, is necessary to keep them feeling full. Malnourished or underweight pets require a diet higher in calories and protein so that the pet can regain its optimal weight and receive all the nutrients necessary for good health.

Health status – Pets suffering from chronic illnesses, food sensitivities, or allergies need special diets. These diets are formulated to manage symptoms and clinical signs and support the functioning of affected organs. 

Additional Tips For A Successful Transition

Here are some tips to help you make a successful transition:

Avoid unhealthy treats – Whether it’s for dogs or cats, it’s important to limit the consumption of treats that could disrupt your pet’s digestion during the food transition. Don’t give leftovers or unhealthy treats because, in addition to disrupting your pet’s digestion, they could also make your dog or cat refuse the new food if the treats seem more appealing. To reward your pet, use small amounts of the new food or healthy treats such as raw vegetables (carrots, cucumbers), cooked meat (no salt or oil), small pieces of unseasoned fish, etc.

Choose quality food – The quality of the food is very important when you decide it’s time to change the old diet. This is essential to ensure the health and well-being of your pet. Depending on your pet’s needs, a quality diet contains high-quality animal protein, healthy fats, and essential vitamins and is free of fillers such as corn, wheat, or soy. In addition, the diet should always be tailored to your pet’s needs – for example, if your pet is neutered or spayed, look for formulas for them.

Respect your pet's preferences – Just like people, pets can have personal tastes and preferences, and this should be taken into account when deciding to change their diet to avoid food refusal or stress. If food refusal persists, it is advisable to talk to a veterinarian to rule out possible health problems. 

Bottom Line

Changing your pet's food takes time, patience, and attention. So, plan ahead to protect their digestive health and ensure your dog or cat easily accepts the new food. By adopting a gradual and well-thought-out approach, you will minimize your pet's stress and increase the chances of success in adapting to the new diet. 

It is also important to carefully monitor your pet's reactions, both in terms of eating behavior and general health and to intervene quickly in case of problems. Choosing a quality diet adapted to their age, health status, and preferences contributes to maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle. Lastly, don’t be hesitant to consult your vet about this process! Every pet is unique in how they respond to dietary changes. 

Iuliana graduated from the University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in 2012, Romania. She has a Master’s degree in Small Animal and Equines Pathology and a strong affinity for Veterinary Parasitology and Laboratory. In 2013 she started her Ph.D. in epithelial cancer in dogs and cats. She volunteered at the faculty’s clinic in her 3rd year of study, and continued her career in small animal pathology and laboratory. She has one cat and eleven rats. Her interests outside of work include traveling, writing, and crafting.